This suppression of heart rate is stronger when exhaling than when inhaling 4, and it is “vagal HRV” or the high frequency oscillations in heart rate in response to breathing that are most strongly associated with positive well-being (or with low negative affect or stress). In healthy resting people, heart rate is tonically suppressed by signals transmitted via the vagus nerve. However, it is not just random variation in the interval between heartbeats that is associated with well-being. Heart rate variability (HRV) is one of the most consistent correlates of psychological and emotional well-being and stress 1, 2, 3. Data is publicly available via the OpenNeuro data sharing platform. A subset (N = 104) provided plasma samples pre- and post-intervention that were assayed for amyloid and tau. Psychological assessment comprised three cognitive tests and ten questionnaires related to emotional well-being. Participants also wore a wristband sensor to estimate sleep time. After 5 weeks of HRV biofeedback, they repeated the baseline measurements in addition to new measures (ultimatum game fMRI, training mimicking during blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) and PCASL fMRI). Participants were randomized to either increase heart rate oscillations or decrease heart rate oscillations during daily sessions. During fMRI scans, physiological measures (blood pressure, pulse, respiration, and end-tidal CO 2) were continuously acquired. Younger (N = 121) and older (N = 72) participants completed baseline magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including T 1-weighted, resting and emotion regulation task functional MRI (fMRI), pulsed continuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL), and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1H MRS). We present data from the Heart Rate Variability and Emotion Regulation (HRV-ER) randomized clinical trial testing effects of HRV biofeedback.
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